thoracic artery การใช้

• The perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery pierce through the internal intercostal muscles of the superior six intercostal spaces.
• Plastic surgeons may use either the left or right internal thoracic arteries for autologous free flap reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy.
• The "'anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery "'supply the upper five or six intercostal spaces.
• The internal thoracic artery ( previously called as internal mammary artery ) then divides into the superior epigastric artery and musculophrenic artery.
• In one, the left internal thoracic artery ( internal mammary artery ) is diverted to the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.
• In adults with untreated coarctation, blood often reaches the lower body through collaterals, e . g . internal thoracic arteries via the subclavian arteries.
• It finally divides into numerous branches, which anastomose, above the umbilicus, with the superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery and with the lower intercostal arteries.
• Running forward and medially along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest.
• The latter is one of three arteries branching off the thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery, with the other two branches being the vertebral artery and internal thoracic artery.
• Subclavian steal syndrome arises from retrograde ( reversed ) flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis ( narrowing ) and / or occlusion of the subclavian artery.
• It gives off intercostal branches to the seventh, eighth, and ninth intercostal spaces; these diminish in size as the spaces decrease in length, and are distributed in a manner precisely similar to the intercostal arteries from the internal thoracic artery.
• Lesser patency rates can be expected with radial artery grafts and " free " internal thoracic artery grafts ( where the proximal end of the thoracic artery is excised from its origin from the subclavian artery and re-anastomosed with the ascending aorta ).
• Lesser patency rates can be expected with radial artery grafts and " free " internal thoracic artery grafts ( where the proximal end of the thoracic artery is excised from its origin from the subclavian artery and re-anastomosed with the ascending aorta ).
• The "'left subclavian artery "'and the "'right subclavian artery "', one on each side of the body form the internal thoracic artery, the vertebral artery, the thyrocervical trunk, and the costocervical trunk.
• Generally the best patency rates are achieved with the in-situ left internal thoracic artery ( the proximal end is left connected to the subclavian artery ) with the distal end being anastomosed with the coronary artery ( typically the left anterior descending artery or a diagonal branch artery ).
• The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery, which may branch off the transverse cervical artery which is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk.
• The "'musculophrenic artery "'arises from the internal thoracic artery, directed obliquely downward and laterally, behind the cartilages of the false ribs; it perforates the diaphragm at the eighth or ninth costal cartilage, and ends, considerably reduced in size, opposite the last intercostal space.
• The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery published a study on November 1, 2013 that confirmed MICS CABG as safe, feasible, and associated with excellent graft patency rates at 6 months post surgery, with graft patency of 92 % for all grafts and 100 % for left internal thoracic artery grafts.
• Graft patency is dependent on a number of factors, including the type of graft used ( internal thoracic artery, radial artery, or great saphenous vein ), the size of the coronary artery that the graft is anastomosed with, and, of course, the skill of the surgeon ( s ) performing the procedure.
• MICS CABG allows utilization of the left internal mammary artery ( IMA; aka Left internal thoracic artery, Left ITA ) to bypass the left anterior descending artery ( LAD ), which is termed as Left IMA-LAD, as a preferable anastamosis whenever indicated and technically feasible ( Loop et al . ) and has been proven to benefit in event free survival ( Acinapura et al . ).